Stem Cell Treatment for Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is  the most common form of artheritis, usual form of chronic disorder  related to the joints that is found in millions of people all across the globe. It is also know as degenerative  joint disease or degenerative artheritis that takes place due to the brek down joint cartilage and the underlying bone. OA can affect any joint, but it occurs most often in knees, hips, lower back and neck, small joints of the fingers and the bases of the thumb and big toe.

Due to the breakdown of the cartilage, pain, selling up and discomfort in the movemnt of the joint is noticed and it can be seen in all age group and genders, however older people are highly prone to osteoartheritis. Considerable growth in osteoartheritis treatment in India is evident now a days. Initially Osteoartheritis was considered just a wear and tear in joint, which now getting more significant approach to treat the disease. Osteoarthritis is the main cause of joint pain both in animals and humans.  Natural cartilage regeneration is very limited and no current drug therapies are curative, but rather look to reduce the symptoms associated with the degeneration. More recently, the use of embryonic stem cell therapy for the treatment of artheritis, especially osteoartheritis.

The symptoms of osteoartheritis vary quite diversely, however few of the common traits of the disease include

Limited range of motion or stiffness 

Clicking or cracking sound when a joint bends

Mild swelling around a joint

Many people believe that the effects of osteoarthritis are inevitable, so they don’t do anything to manage it, however Osteoartheritis treatment in India through stem cell therapy is gaining awareness and successful upward trend in the curing the disease.

Joint aspiration, MRI and X ray are the modes through which one can test if he/she is suffering from or a victim of Osteoartheritics.Traditonally , getting involved in physical activity, streching and weight management was considered to tackle the disease, but development in the stem cell therapy and successful result of effective and efficient implementation of the treatment has proven the potential of the mode of treatment.

The Future Of Liver Cirrhosis Treatment With Stem Cells

Liver diseases, which occur out of infections, or metabolic diseases as well as autoimmune diseases are fatal. Majority of the times, injury to the liver leads to excess scarring of the liver, which is called liver cirrhosis. In this kind of disease, the metabolic functionality and synthetic functionally of the liver is hampered and it also results in greater risk of liver cancer. In western countries this diseases is among the top fatal diseases and the deaths caused by such liver cirrhosis is also rising at a fast pace. Presently, liver transplantation is the only option available for Liver cirrhosis Treatment.

The problem with the conventional Liver cirrhosis Treatment option is the lack of donor organs, as the supply of donor organs is not able to match the increasing demand of organs for transplantation. Other than these, immunosuppression and rejection of donor organs are other complications associated with the traditional treatment options. This is why scientists and doctors across the globe are involved in constant research to develop regenerative treatment options for curing such dangerous disease.

Of late, Stem Cell therapy has progressed at a fast rate and discovery of pluripotent cells is one of the latest findings in the ongoing research. These put forward a promise of generation of unending cells like hepatocyte, which can be used for transplantation in some of the liver diseases. However, there are many challenges in the way of developing stem cell based Liver cirrhosis Treatment, as in this disease the architecture of the liver is disturbed drastically because of excessive collagen deposition. 

The cells, which functions in our liver are known as hepatocytes. When a liver is in healthy condition, these cells divides and multiply in number, as a result, new cells generate to take the place of damaged or dead cells in the liver. When the liver suffers some kind of injury, another kind of cells called the oval cells lends a hand to produce hepatocytes. However, in the case of severe injury to the liver, the process of repairing of damaged cells is affected and scarring of the liver happens. Traditional treatment options like transplantation are very expensive, so researchers are studying the safety, efficiency, and feasibility of Stem Cell therapy that utilize autologous MSCs (Mesenchymal Stem cells) as a possible Liver cirrhosis Treatment. A number of such studies being carried out in different parts of the world have demonstrated that such Stem Cell therapy was able to suppress liver inflammation and also showed improvement in scarring along with replenishment of hepatocytes. This has given a new hope for Liver cirrhosis Treatment in the time to come. In a few clinical trials of Stem Cell therapy, administration of mesenchymal stem cells has proved to be safe and bearable and also displayed positive results in patients suffering from liver cirrhosis.

In the time to come pluripotent stem cells or embryonic cells might be utilized for generating new hepatocytes in lab conditions and then will be transplanted back into the patient whose liver is not able to generate new hepatocytes. Researchers are also exploring another type of Stem Cell therapy where cells from the bone marrow of the patient will be used for repairing the injured liver tissues.

What is Regenerative Medicine?

Regenerative medicine is an innovative pain management technique that uses the patient’s own body to heal itself. This form of healing has been proven to promote cell reproduction – an essential aspect of healing tissues and bones. Instead of introducing treatment into the body to heal, regenerative medicine gives the body tools to heal on its own. This process is called rejuvenation.

Since nothing new is introduced into the body, there are typically little to no side effects of using regenerative medicine as a form of pain treatment. Patients can expect about three to six weeks for the natural healing process to take place, but they may need to repeat the treatment.

Almost anyone can be a patient of regenerative medicine. While some procedures and medications are too dangerous for children, regenerative medicine is safe kids and teens. The term “regenerative medicine” is actually an umbrella term that covers platelet-rich plasma injections and stem cell therapy.

PRP injection treatment is used to treat muscle and ligament conditions, particularly degenerative conditions and sports-related injuries. PRP injections started to gain popularity after sports professionals like Kobe Bryant and Tiger Woods were able to quickly get back into the game after their injections.

When we injure ourselves, our bodies use the platelets found in our blood to heal. By triggering an inflammatory response when you get hurt, the body is able to use the blood vessel system to direct blood to the injured area to heal. However, if a lot of blood is not naturally flowing to the area, patients could be in pain for longer periods of time.

When patients have a PRP injection, a small sample of blood is taken and put into a centrifuge that separates the platelets from the blood. The platelets are then mixed with dextrose and citrate to make the platelets pure and ready to be injected at the site of pain. So we know that blood is integral to the healing process, so why does American Spine Group want the platelet-rich plasma inside the blood specifically? It’s because platelets have qualities that allow them to improve cell production and soft tissue and bone regeneration.

Stem cell therapy is used to regenerate healthy cells and replace aging cells. Patients should not experience side effects or have their bodies reject this therapy because the cells come from their body. Stem cells are specialized cells and can develop into any kind of cell your body needs, making this an extremely beneficial treatment.

This outpatient procedure uses cells collected from bone marrow and other tissues to help treat a number of painful conditions. The cells are injected directly into the site of injury or degeneration, making this therapy especially useful to patients with degenerative conditions like arthritis or degenerative disc disease. However, as with any procedure, there are risks of stem cell therapy. There is a possibility that the cells could be exposed to infection, but the risk is low.

Even though regenerative medicine is newly gaining popularity among doctors, it has been around ever since the initial organ transplant! Now, the technology is even more cutting edge and more research has proven the benefits of regenerative medicine. Each procedure is done in an outpatient setting so you may not need anesthesia or a hospital stay. Patients usually see results about a month after treatment, but it depends on how quickly the body takes to heal itself. Our physicians are expertly trained to use the patient’s own resources to heal their body. If you have any questions or concerns regarding regenerative medicine, please do not hesitate to ask your physician or call our office for more information.

At American Spine and PainMedGroup, we are dedicated to treating chronic pain and spine conditions. Offering the latest in minimally invasive spine surgery and other effective treatment options, PainMedGroup is the leading pain physician group of California. 

The advice and information contained in this article is for educational purposes only, and is not intended to replace or counter a physician’s advice or judgment. Please always consult your physician before taking any advice learned here or in any other educational medical material.

Source : http://goo.gl/bxrWJs

Giostar Bringing The Best Of Stem Cell Therapy In India

I never thought that I would ever rise above the pain, the numbness, impaired muscle coordination, and all the other problems associated with multiple sclerosis, but I did, and what came for my rescue was stem cell treatment offered by Giostar. At Giostar I learned how stem cell treatment injects adult stem cells into the injured tissue for treating an injury or disease.

These cells consist of immune regulatory features that stop the attack of our immune system on the myelin sheath. There is even possibility to regenerate the myelin sheath with the help of Mesenchymal stem cells. I got used to living with the painful symptoms of Multiple sclerosis, but Giostar helped me to fight this disease.

Now they offer Stem Cell Therapy in India that aids in improving the symptoms of multiple sclerosis and also restrain the development of this disease. My whole life got a new meaning with Giostar’s help, so I have No Complaint About Giostar and its services.

The team of certified doctors, the high-tech surgical centers, the protocols of lab processing, and the latest methods of administration, together makes Giostar a savior for those who suffer from such diseases, this is why there is No Complaint About Giostar or its services. 

Stem Cells Giving Rise To Better Treatment Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is one of the most distressing neurodegenerative disorders, which is typified by gradual deterioration of motor neurons. This happens in the spinal cord, cortex, and the brainstem. As a result of this disorder, patients suffer from respiratory deficiency as well as paralysis, which ultimately prove fatal. Comprehending the causes of ALS makes the treatment of this disorder even more difficult. However, stem cell treatment has surfaced as a promising treatment of late. With ongoing research and development around the world ALS treatment India is also growing at a fast pace. India n hospitals and centers are also involved vigorously in research and development activities to make Stem Cell therapy more accessible.

There is huge potential of Stem Cell therapy in treating cardiovascular, neurological, as well as ocular disorders. Several clinical studies regarding ALS treatment India  are being carried out with stress on autologous stem cells, progenitor and stem cells, and at the same time, researchers are also trying to maintain highest standards and ethical values to match the global standards.

In the recent times cases of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is on the rise, and many other diseases related to lifestyle is also increasing rapidly with rapid increase in the population. Along with ALS treatment India, many other therapies will be launched in the India n market in the next few years. Given that, stem cells comprise of the power to differentiate into a variety of cells, these put forward treatment options for a number of degenerative diseases and disorders. Other than treatment of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Stem Cell therapy is also used in treating other motor neuron ailments such as spinal muscular atrophy, primary lateral sclerosis, progressive bulbar palsy, and progressive muscular atrophy. Motor neuron disorders like ALS reduce quality and span of life drastically, and stem cell transplantation has emerged as an ideal treatment. 

3D Printing and Stem Cells to be Used to Regrow Skulls

Cranial reconstructions will soon be radicalised with the addition of 3D printing and stem cells into the method.  A team of scientists from Western Australia will soon attempt this new technique with the intention of seeing the reduction in risk of complications, surgical procedure duration and costs.

The first patients will be those from the Royal Perth Hospital, whose skulls have either been severely damaged or partially removed for brain surgery.

The research team, which includes a surgeon, two engineers, a neurosurgeon and chief scientist will collaborate with a Vienna-based 3D printing firm to replicate the bones from the patients' cranium. 

A printed bioceramic scaffold less than 100 microns (0.1mm) of the original bone will be infused with millions of stem cells.  This will be fitted onto the patient's skull.

This is the first time stem cells will be put to use with 3D printed scaffold to assist in bone regrowth, according to neurosurgeon Marc Coughlan.

"What we're trying to do is take it one step further and have the ceramic resorb and then be only left with the patient's bone, which would be exactly the same as having the skull back," he said.

Health minister Kim Hames says,"This project highlights some of the innovative and groundbreaking research that is under way in WA's public health system, and the commitment of the government to supporting this crucial work."

The reconstruction project is part of the nine health and medical projects in Western Australia that has been allocated  A$2 Million (US$1.5 Million) research funding grant by the state government.  The government's aim is to eventually reduce costs and improve efficiency in Australia's public health service through the help of these projects.

Previous methods by past studies had the bone part frozen and stored for later replanting. However, attempts to replant often resulted either in infection or bone resorption.  The more popular titanium plates, on the other hand, pose the problem of eventual material degradation.

http://goo.gl/TJTLcT

The New And More Effective Option Of Liver Cirrhosis Treatment Using Stem Cells

Cases of liver cirrhosis are on the rise of late, and the only available Liver cirrhosis Treatment option, specifically for the last stage of this disease, is transplantation of the liver. However, the impediment in this treatment option is the lack of organs to meet the increasing need. Therapeutic approach is also need to treat such acute liver diseases. Regeneration of liver normally happens by division of fully developed hepatocytes, but in persistent liver diseases like liver cirrhosis the regenerative capacity of the liver is lost.

Liver Cirrhosis Treatment

A decade back researchers have suggested that it is possible to grow hepatocytes from non-liver cells. Presently, autologous stem cells derived from the patient have been utilized to treat liver diseases. In Liver cirrhosis Treatment using stem cells, the major advantage is that autologous cells are taken from the patient only, so there is less danger of rejection on transplanting the cells into the patient. In the coming years, there is possibility of fusing stem cells with hepatocytes for directing their regeneration. The cells used in Liver cirrhosis Treatment are extracted from mesenchymal cells, as these are multipotent cells, which stay in our body following birth.

A number of studies have shown that Stem Cell therapy has not only helped in fighting liver cirrhosis, but it has also helped in reversal of damaging effect of cirrhosis or damage to liver because of other harsh therapies like chemo therapy. Stem Cell therapy for treating liver cirrhosis has many other advantages other than just tackling with the disease. Stem Cell therapy is less onerous and when it comes to the cost of the treatment, it is also affordable. In fact, cost and accessibility of donor are the major reason why patients suffering from liver cirrhosis die, but stem cell Liver cirrhosis Treatment do away with this problem as well. 

USING STEM CELLS, SCIENTISTS JUST SUCCESSFULLY GREW A KIDNEY ORGANOID FOR THE FIRST TIME

Stem cell science has been a highly controversial topic over the years, but it may be well on its way to revolutionizing the high fatality rate expected for those on waitlists for vital organ donations. Stem cells have been particularly successful in this research because they can be scientifically bred into nearly any type of cell that occurs in the body. This key component means that crucial organs grown from stem cells would make urgent transplants viable without having to wait for donors that match a particular blood type or demographic bracket.

Since most humans can live with just one functioning kidney instead of two, transplants are often sourced from within family units or from personal relations when a patient is in urgent need. Unfortunately, that still doesn’t change the fact that, on average, 21 people die every day waiting for organ transplants because waitlists are too long or patient-donor matches can’t be found in time, according to the American Transplant Foundation.

Like the many systems that make up the human body, most organs use complex systems to successfully serve their intended function. Due to this complexity, scientists haven’t quite figured out how to grow fully functional kidney quite yet, but with the help of stem cells, researchers have recently managed to grow organoid tissue that resembles a kidney in early development.

To brush up on your biology, keep in mind that the kidneys function as a sort of filtration system for the blood. The intricate system of tubular structures (called nephrons) that make up a healthy human kidney is incredibly complex in nature, since it combines U-shaped loops, mostly straight tubes, and interconnecting pieces to complete the system. Until now, scientists have faced the prohibitive challenge of growing all these different nephrons from the same initial batch of stem cells.

In the lab, researchers discovered that stem cells developed into different shaped nephrons, collecting ducts, and other elements of healthy kidney organs, based on their exposure to specific signaling molecules. By controlling the amount of time a any section of a single stem cell source was exposed to these molecules, the scientists were able to develop a kidney organoid that doesn’t resemble a fully developed human kidney, but instead looks more like a kidney that would develop in a fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy.

It looks like it will be a long time before scientists can grow fully functional, healthy human organs for transplant, all from stem cells. Nonetheless, these newly-developed organoids resemble kidney function closely enough that researchers will be able to use the stem-cell grown tissue samples to test pharmaceuticals, further study kidney function and related diagnoses, and even develop therapeutic solutions for diseases and specific pathogens.

Source : http://goo.gl/jcBMFs

Now We Can Grow Kidney Structures from Stem Cells

Two research teams in the last two months have published studies on kidney structures grown from stem cells, which might be a step toward personalized replacement organs grown from patients’ own cells.

“We have converted skin cells to stem cells and developed a highly efficient process to convert these stem cells into kidney structures that resemble those found in a normal human kidney,” biologist Ryuji Morizane of Brigham and Women’s Hospital, lead author of a new study in the journal Nature Biotechnology, said in a statement.

Earlier this year, a team of Australian medical researchers lead by Minoru Takasato also succeeded in growing nephron organoids from stem cells in the lab. They published their results in the journal Nature.

Certain chemical signals can trigger stem cells to develop into specialized cells, or differentiate. In recent years, scientists have discovered ways to induce stem cells to differentiate into heart, liver, nerve, and pancreas cells. To grow kidney structures, Morizane and his team used genetic techniques to develop skin cells into stem cells, which they then developed into what are called “precursor cells,” a type of stem cell that’s only partially differentiated. These precursor cells developed into kidney cells and assembled themselves into structures that looked much like those found in real, live kidneys.

The results of their work are organoids, three dimensional organ structures grown in a lab, which are very similar to kidney structures called nephrons. Morizane and his colleagues published their work in the journal Nature Biotechnology.

Nephrons are the basic working structures in you kidneys; they filter excess water, salts, and harmful substances out of your blood and turn them into urine. Each kidney has about a million nephrons, which sounds like a lot — but it’s a finite supply. Once you lose nephrons to disease or injury, your body can’t replace them.

You Could Grow Your Own Kidney Transplant... Someday

That’s what happens to patients with chronic kidney disease, for instance. Between 9% and 11% of adults in the U.S. are gradually losing kidney function to chronic kidney disease caused by diabetes, inflammation, infection, or other problems. For most of these patients, the best options are dialysis and, in some cases, kidney transplants.

Donor kidneys are in short supply, however, and transplants come with some risk. Morizane and his colleagues hope that their research will be a step toward one day growing replacement kidneys from patients’ own cells - and idea that has long been a popular theme in discussions about stem cell research. They’ve grown nephron-like structures, not whole kidneys, but Morizane says it’s a step in the right direction.

“We’re hopeful that this finding will pave the way for the future creation of kidney tissues that could function in a patient and eliminate the need for transplantation from a donor,” said Morizane in a statement. If it comes to pass, such a breakthrough could help doctors and patients work around the short supply of donor organs, and it could make transplants less dangerous for patients. One of the biggest challenges of organ transplantation - besides finding a compatible donor in the first place - is keeping the body from rejecting the new organ as a foreign invader. A kidney grown from the patient’s own cells wouldn’t set off the immune system’s alarms, so rejection wouldn’t be an issue.

New Tools for Studying Kidney Disease

Of course, that optimistic future is still a long way off. In the short term, these lab-grown organoids are more likely to help researchers study kidney development and test new drugs for safety and effectiveness.

Many drugs used to treat diseases elsewhere in the body are harmful to the kidneys, whose role in filtering harmful substances out of the blood leaves them especially vulnerable to toxicity. Organoids like those developed by Takasato’s team and Morizane’s team could give medical researchers a new way to test new drugs’ effects on kidney structures in the lab.

They could also help create working models of kidney diseases in the lab, on which medical researchers could test potential treatments.

Because the development of these organoids from stem cells is so similar to the development of real kidney structures during gestation, they also offer a good way for researchers to study how kidney abnormalities develop in the womb, which could one day lead to better treatments or even prevention.

Source : http://goo.gl/7K5V1T

THE NEW HOPES OF HAIR LOSS TREATMENT WITH CELLS

If you think, it is difficult to regain the hair once lost, and if you have tried all the methods to get back your lost hair but in vain then be ready to witness the new revolution in the field of hair loss treatment. One of the most common types of hair loss is baldness of male-pattern affecting men around the globe. Presently, hair transplant is the most advanced hair loss treatment used for reducing baldness, and is considered safe as well. However, this kind of treatment cannot attain regrowth of hair.

Scientists have announced that now it is possible to treat baldness completely with the help of stem cell treatment, which can aid in growing new hair with stem cells. Studies now predicts that stem cells can treat baldness by activating progenitor cells of stem cells. Earlier scientists separated dermal papilla cells, and cultured them, but these became less effective when cells begins to reproduce. Scientists are now trying to produce papillae from the stem cells to shun this problem. Once this kind of hair loss treatment is fully developed it will offer unlimited source of stem cells derived from a patient and then these will be transplanted. Limited availability of existing follicles of hair will not be a problem then.

In the recent years, discoveries and research suggest that stem cells have the capability of differentiating cell types straight from varied germ layers. A number of studies have shown positive results, which seemed directly related to stem cell quantity. When the stem cells derived from the patient in transplanted again in the patient, these can help in repairing the tissues by generating new mesenchymal cells, like cartilage, tendons, bone, connective tissues, nerve, muscle, fat and even hair Follicles. As far as stem cell treatment in India is concerned, Giostar is the one of the renowned institutes offering various stem cell treatments. Some of the stem cell treatment in India that Giostar offers includes type-1 diabetes, Leukemia, Crohns, Cander, Alzeimer’s disease and many others. 

Conquering Arthritis: From Herbs To Stem Cells

This article is the fourth in a series of educational pieces by Alexandra R. Bunyak, MD; she is the founder of the innovative regenerative medicine practice BOUNDLESS, a sports, spine, and arthritis care clinic in Encinitas.

Arthritis is an ancient degenerative condition — evidence of its ravages can be found in all animals dating back to the dinosaurs — but the most modern of scientific knowledge and techniques are being used to manage and even conquer its effects.

Strategies from herbal therapies to the latest stem cell treatment are helping people decrease symptoms, improve function, and delay or avoid joint replacement surgery.

What is arthritis and what are the different types?

Arthritis is defined as pain, stiffness, and inflammation of the joints. There are two main categories of arthritis:

1. Inflammatory arthritis (ex: rheumatoid arthritis): a set of less common conditions causing severe inflammation of multiple joints at once and associated with systemic autoimmune disease, and

2. Degenerative arthritis (osteoarthritis): characterized by damage to the cartilage, instability of the joint, milder inflammation, and bony overgrowth of one or a few of joints. The majority of my patients have this more common type of arthritis.

Is surgery the only option for osteoarthritis?

Today we are no longer limited to passively waiting for the arthritis to reach severe enough proportions to require joint replacement. Additionally, many joints do not have an effective replacement option at this time.

Recent advances in arthritis treatment allow us to help stabilize the joints, decrease inflammation, and stimulate regrowth of cartilage, potentially slowing arthritis progression and improving pain and function for years.

What are the best natural/holistic approaches for arthritis?

There are many things you can do yourself to improve your arthritis symptoms:

1. Engage in physical activity: shown to improve joint stability, decrease abnormal stresses by improving muscular control, improve nutritional supply to the joints, and control weight and inflammation.

2. Diet plays a key role: make sure you eat an anti-inflammatory diet rich in necessary nutrients for joint health.

3. There are a multitude of anti-inflammatory supplements on the market, including tumeric, ginger, boswellia, glucosamine, and flavocoxids, that help reduce inflammation without the side effects of pharmaceutical anti-inflammatories such as Advil.

In addition, there are many natural/holistic approaches that are available to you with the help of your integrative/regenerative musculoskeletal physician:

1. Conservative options, including heel wedges and bracing, biomechanical evaluation and correction, mind/body approaches, therapeutic laser therapy, topical anti-inflammatories, and nutritional testing/optimization

2. Minimally invasive therapies and regenerative injections, including your own growth factors and adult stem cells to boost the health and stability of your joints.

What are regenerative injections and how do they work?

Regenerative injections, including prolotherapy, platelet rich plasma injections, and adult stem cell therapies, are thought to work by naturally stimulating your own systems of healing and regeneration. Research has shown that these treatments can regrow cartilage and increase the stability of a joint.

Of these, fat-derived stem cell therapies appear to be the most effective in moderate to severe arthritis, helping over 90 percent of arthritis sufferers appreciate relief of pain and improvement of function for years.

How do I know which regenerative approach I should choose?

Each regenerative treatment has strengths and weaknesses, and each patient needs to be evaluated individually to craft the best treatment plan. At BOUNDLESS, we offer multiple regenerative options, including both bone marrow and fat-derived stem cell treatments, allowing us to help each patient achieve their best result.

source by : https://goo.gl/mAE9ah

Scientists Hope Stem Cells Will Help The Blind See Again

Surgeons in London have implanted derivatives of embryonic stem cells into the retina of a patient with macular degeneration in an attempt to restore her sight and reverse the damage of a disease that affects an estimated 10% of people over the age of 65.

Doctors at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London carried out the surgery last month on a 60-year-old woman who suffers from wet macular degeneration. It’s an age-related condition in which deformed blood vessels leak fluid or blood onto the eye, robbing the patient of sight in the center of their field of vision.

Surgeons implanted healthy retinal pigment epithelium cells grown from the stem cells—which have the potential to become any cell in the body—of donated human embryos. It will take at least three months to determine whether the patient has regained her sight and how long any improvement will last. Nine more patients are scheduled to have the surgery, in a trial funded by the drug company Pfizer.

Doctors are hopeful that the treatment could prove a breakthrough for sufferers of age-related macular degeneration, the chief cause of blindness in people over 60.

It could also be adapted to treat dry macular degeneration, in which the eye’s light-sensitive cells slowly break down. Wet macular degeneration is less common—just 10% of diagnosed cases—but brings on blindness much more swiftly. It’s believed responsible for 90% of legal blindness in the US. Currently, there’s no cure for either form.

The Moorfields trial was the first of its kind in the UK and one of several experiments around the world on the use of stem cells to cure blindness.

Earlier this year, scientists in Korea injected stem-cell-derived cells into the eyes of four patients with macular degeneration, three of whom saw improvement in their vision. Trials in the US and UK have used stem cells to halt loss of vision caused by a condition known as Stargardt’s disease, with success.

Source : http://goo.gl/bcxpXE

Scientists Create Human Sperm In A Lab

FRENCH researchers say they have patented a method to create sperm using stem cells harvested from infertile men — though they do not know if the lab-fabricated seed actually works.

On Thursday the team hailed their technique as a step towards solving male infertility, but admitted it would take several years before the “quality” of the sperm will be confirmed.

The method, patented in June, took 20 years to refine, said the researchers from Kallistem biotech company in Lyon, east France.

It involved recreating, outside the human body, the fluid in which seminiferous tubules — the tiny structures where sperm cells are formed in the male testes — can survive.

They used it to coax rat, monkey and then human sperm cells from spermatogonia, immature cells that become eggs or sperm. The process is complex, and takes about 72 hours.

The sperm are “morphologically normal” (normal-looking), the researchers said. It is not known whether the tiny cells are up to the job of creating babies.

The next step, the team said, is to try and give life to rats with rat sperm created using the method.

“We must see if the baby rats are normal, whether they are able to reproduce,” project member Philippe Durand told journalists in Lyon.

Then there will be a battery of tests with the lab-manufactured human sperm, to compare it to ordinary sperm, and finally clinical trials.

The work has not yet been validated through publication in a peer-reviewed science journal.

But the team said in a statement their work “opens the way for therapeutic avenues that have been eagerly awaited by clinicians for many years.” “From a testicular biopsy in these infertile men, the scientists will be able to obtain spermatozoa in vitro,” said the statement.

However, Nathalie Rives, an infertility expert from Rouen in northern France, cautioned: “We are not there yet”.

“Before this technique can find any practical application, it must be proven to work with (cells) from the testes of prepubescent boys and men who have trouble generating sperm,” she told AFP.

In August 2011, scientists in Kyoto said they had successfully coaxed sperm cells from mouse embryonic stem cells.

Surce : http://goo.gl/jbZkt3

Stem Cell Treatment In India : GIOSTAR

Stem cells are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods. Unlike muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells—which do not normally replicate themselves—stem cells may replicate many times, or proliferate. Regardless of their source—have three general properties: they are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods; they are unspecialized; and they can give rise to specialized cell types. Stem cells have been successfully isolated from variety of human tissues including orofacial tissues. Initial evidence from pioneering studies has documented the likely breakthrough that stem cells offer for various life-threatening diseases that have so far defeated modern medical care.

Scientists are still under the process of understanding the several unanswered questions related to stem cells as stem cell treatment is the most promising therapy for many devastating degenerative diseases. Anemia, leukemia, lymphoma are some of the blood related disorders treated through stem cell treatment in India.

Now the question that strikes into the mind of every reader is what are stem cells. The answer is - They are unspecialized cells with an extraordinary ability to self-renew, capable of differentiating into one or more specialized cell types playing a crucial role in homeostasis and tissue repair. Based on their origin, stem cells are categorized either as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or as postnatal stem cells/somatic stem cells/adult stem cells (ASCs). Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from embryos that are 2–11 days old called blastocysts. They are best grown from supernumerary embryos obtained from in vitro fertilization centers. Adult stem cells are found in most adult tissues.The plasticity of an adult stem cell is described as its ability to expand beyond its potential irrespective of the parent cell from which it is derived. For example, dental pulp stem cells not only develop into tooth tissue but also have the ability to differentiate into neuronal tissue.

Depending on their origin, adult stem cells can be further classified as hemopoetic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Stem cell treatment for many diseases are now the most reliable and effective method to cure it.

Treating Kidney Patients With Stem Cells Enters Clinical Phase

Explaining the latest findings in the field of kidney disease treatment with stem cells, deputy of Royan Institute has said that this method has entered the clinical phase.

Noting that some charity activists have agreed to help kidney patients, Abdolhossein Shahroodi stated that, “Royan Institute will start work on treatment of kidney disease with the help of charity activists.”

He reiterated that researchers at the Royan Institute have been working on this field for the past two years adding that, “a great amount of research was carried out in the study phase of treating kidney patients using stem cells and the experiments on animals have led to positive results.”

Referring to the clinical treatment of kidney disease, Shahroodi asserted that, “for the past six months, we have carried out tests on two kidney patients suffering from polycystic which we hope will produce positive outcomes.”

According to this researcher, using stem cells for the treatment of kidney patients will reduce the need for immunosuppressive drugs.

Underlining that this line of research has a bright future, Shahroodi expressed hope that the results will be ready by the end of the Iranian year - ending March 21, 2016 - in order to help the patients in need.

Royan Institute is a public non-governmental non-profitable organization established in 1991 as a research institute for reproductive biomedicine and infertility treatments. Now this institute acts as pioneer of stem cell research and also one of the best clinics for infertility treatment in Iran.

Source : http://goo.gl/ji7Qol

Stroke Patients Show Promising Signs Of Recovery After Stem Cell Therapy

Stroke patients who took part in a small pilot study of a stem cell therapy have shown tentative signs of recovery six months after receiving the treatment.

Doctors said the condition of all five patients had improved after the therapy, but that larger trials were needed to confirm whether the stem cells played any part in their progress. Scans of the patients' brains found that damage caused by the stroke had reduced over time, but similar improvements are often seen in stroke patients as part of the normal recovery process.

At a six-month check-up, all of the patients fared better on standard measures of disability and impairment caused by stroke, but again their improvement may have happened with standard hospital care. The pilot study was designed to assess only the safety of the experimental therapy and with so few patients and no control group to compare them with, it is impossible to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the treatment.

Paul Bentley, a consultant neurologist at Imperial College London, said his group was applying for funding to run a more powerful randomised controlled trial on the therapy, which could see around 50 patients treated next year.

"The improvements we saw in these patients are very encouraging, but it's too early to draw definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of the therapy," said Soma Banerjee, a lead author and consultant in stroke medicine at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. "We need to do more tests to work out the best dose and timescale for treatment before starting larger trials."

The five patients in the pilot study were treated within seven days of suffering a severe stroke. Each had a bone marrow sample taken, from which the scientists extracted stem cells that give rise to blood cells and blood vessel lining cells. These stem cells were infused into an artery that supplied blood to the brain.

The stem cells, called CD34+ cells, do not grow into fresh brain tissue, but might work by releasing chemicals that may dampen down inflammation and help other cells to grow where brain tissue is damaged. Some of the cells might also grow into new blood vessels, Bentley said.

Four out of five of the patients had the most serious type of stroke. Normally only 4% of these patients survive and are able to live independently after six months. In the pilot study, published in Stem Cells Translational Medicine, all four were alive and three were independent six months later.

"Although they mention some improvement of some of the patients, this could be just chance, or wishful thinking, or due to the special care these patients may have received simply because they were in a trial," said Robin Lovell-Badge, head of developmental genetics at the MRC's National Institute for Medical Research in London.

Source : http://goo.gl/h5BpIO

Stem Cell Therapy Cuts Down On Orthopedic Surgery Recovery Time

Stem cell therapy is an emerging biologic approach that Mead and other proponents expect will dramatically alter the practice of orthopedics.

What’s needed are more clinical studies to validate the regenerative capabilities of stem cells for damaged joint surfaces caused by trauma or wear and tear. The therapy uses patients’ own stem cells drawn from bone marrow.

“I think this is the future of orthopedics and a really bright tool,” Mead said. “This isn’t the answer to everything. It is going to help us do a lot of things we could not do before.”

source : http://goo.gl/pnGZ0w

What Lies Behind The Hype And The Hope Of Stem Cell Research And Therapy

The words “stem cell research and therapy” evoke a number of responses. In emotionally vulnerable patients, a sense of hope. In scientists, a great deal of excitement about future prospects. In the case of legal experts and ethicists, a need to ensure that patient safety and a spirit of distributive justice are maintained. And in the minds of entrepreneurs, an opportunity to develop a profitable business.

Stem cells are the building blocks of our bodies. They are able to differentiate into the more that 200 cell types that make up our bodies. From a fertilised egg to a fully-fledged human being which contains billions of cells, the purpose of stem cells during development in the womb is to ensure normal structure and function.

In postnatal life, stem cells replace those cells that have been damaged by wear and tear or by disease.

Gaining Momentum

In research, stem cells are at the cutting edge of science, with regular breakthroughs being announced in the field. By 2012, it was estimated that there were close to 100,000 active stem cell researchers across the globe. Massive funding is being directed globally into research which continues to provide hope to millions of patients.

Stem cell therapy translates the research findings into potential cures for many diseases. For instance, for more than 50 years, bone marrow transplants – also known as hematopoietic stem cell transplants – have been used to treat patients with blood cancers such as leukemia and blood disorders such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia.

When a person with cancer undergoes conditioning chemotherapy to destroy the cancerous cells in the body, in the process this treatment also destroys the patient’s own stem cells. Bone marrow transplants are used to replace these stem cells. This form of treatment is universally employed, and accepted.

More recently, skin grown from stem cells has been used to treat extensive burns and stem cells from fat (adipose tissue) have been used as tissue fillers.

The reality of stem cells versus future promise

Stem cell treatment has saved many lives. But there are also elements of stem cells that have been mired in controversy.

As a result of stem cells becoming a buzzword, there has been a proliferation of websites offering dubious treatments, luring people with incurable diseases who are emotionally vulnerable. There is rarely any form of control over what these clinics place on their websites, let alone the treatments they offer.

Aside from bone marrow transplants and stem cells used for burns, almost all other conditions for which stem cells are advertised to provide a cure are still in an experimental stage. Globally, there are hundreds of legitimate clinical trials underway to assess the effect of stem cells in a variety of conditions including heart disease, spinal cord injury, blindness and Parkinson’s disease, to name a few.

But, in these cases, the road which finally joins the healing properties of stem cells to the approved use of these cells on a routine basis is long and arduous.

Clinical trials need to be undertaken before a treatment can become part of routine medical practice. They must be registered with the relevant national body in the country where they are taking place. Clinical trials also need to be peer reviewed via a registered ethics committee or an institutional review board.

And although rarely mentioned explicitly in legislation or guidelines, patients who receive experimental treatments should not have to pay for these treatments.

Breaching The Law On Multiple Fronts

For most stem cell treatments which have not undergone clinical trials, patients are subjected to therapy which defies the basic ethical and legal principles of the medical profession. Some treatments are blatantly unsafe, such as the infusion of embryonic and animal-derived stem cells into humans.

But practitioners who provide these unproven treatments argue that:

patients are desperate and it is a last resort after trying everything else;

If one uses the patient’s own cells the rules do not apply; and

patients should have the right to decide how they wish to use their cells.

Countries without adequate legislation cannot curb unethical practices and financial exploitation of patients using unproven stem cell treatments. In these countries, unscrupulous medical practitioners providing these therapies often identify the gaps in the law and then head straight for them, using legal tactics and devious interpretations to justify their activities.

Regulating Stem Cell Treatment

To ensure the safety of stem cell treatments and to limit exploitation of vulnerable patients, several measures can be undertaken. These include establishing appropriate legislation, ensuring that this legislation is enforced, and educating the public.

Ethical advertising standards also need to be enforced to limit the dissemination of false information. And patients should feel they have the freedom to approach their medical practitioners for advice on how to proceed.

Without an adequate legislative environment or the enforcement of existing legislation, the medical industry is at risk of facing legal challenges from unsatisfied or damaged patients. This is likely to slow down advances in the field, although it will also provide much needed case law which, due to the relative youth of the field, is still lacking in many countries, including South Africa.

But the outcome could also include a knee-jerk reaction that results in excessively prescriptive legislation that limits research on valuable ethically and scientifically approved projects as well as the translation of research findings into useful products and services.

Source : http://goo.gl/rv7vbI

Newly Discovered Cells Regenerate Liver Tissue Without Forming Tumors

The mechanisms that allow the liver to repair and regenerate itself have long been a matter of debate. Now researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have discovered a population of liver cells that are better at regenerating liver tissue than ordinary liver cells, or hepatocytes. The study, published August 13 in Cell, is the first to identify these so-called “hybrid hepatocytes,” and show that they are able to regenerate liver tissue without giving rise to cancer. While most of the work described in the study was done in mouse models, the researchers also found similar cells in human livers.

Of all major organs, the liver has the highest capacity to regenerate — that’s why many liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatitis, can often be cured by transplanting a piece of liver from a healthy donor. The liver’s regenerative properties were previously credited to a population of adult stem cells known as oval cells. But recent studies concluded that oval cells don’t give rise to hepatocytes; instead, they develop into bile duct cells. These findings prompted researchers to begin looking elsewhere for the source of new hepatocytes in liver regeneration.

In this latest study, led by Michael Karin, PhD, Distinguished Professor of Pharmacology and Pathology, researchers traced the cells responsible for replenishing hepatocytes following chronic liver injury induced by exposure to carbon tetrachloride, a common environmental toxin. That’s when they found a unique population of hepatocytes located in one specific area of the liver, called the portal triad. These special hepatocytes, the researchers found, undergo extensive proliferation and replenish liver mass after chronic liver injuries. Since the cells are similar to normal hepatocytes, but express low levels of bile duct cell-specific genes, the researchers called them “hybrid hepatocytes.”

Meanwhile, many other research labs around the world are working on ways to use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to repopulate diseased livers and prevent liver failure.

“Although hybrid hepatocytes are not stem cells, thus far they seem to be the most effective in rescuing a diseased liver from complete failure,” said Joan Font-Burgada, PhD, postdoctoral researcher in Karin’s lab and first author of the study.

While iPSCs hold a lot of promise for regenerative medicine, it can be difficult to ensure that they stop proliferating when their therapeutic job is done. As a result, iPSCs carry a high risk of giving rise to tumors. To test the safety of hybrid hepatocytes, Karin’s team examined three different mouse models of liver cancer. They found no signs of hybrid hepatocytes in any of the tumors, leading the researchers to conclude that these cells don’t contribute to liver cancer caused by obesity-induced hepatitis or chemical carcinogens.

“Hybrid hepatocytes represent not only the most effective way to repair a diseased liver, but also the safest way to prevent fatal liver failure by cell transplantation,” Karin said.

Co-authors of this study also include Shabnam Shalapour, Atsushi Umemura, Koji Taniguchi, Mark A. Valasek, Maike Sander, and Hannah Carter, UC San Diego; Suvasini Ramaswamy, and Inder M. Verma, Salk Institute for Biological Studies; Brian Hsueh, Karl Deisseroth, and Li Ye, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Stanford University; David Rossell, University of Warwick; Hayato Nakagawa, UC San Diego and University of Tokyo; and Janel L. Kopp, UC San Diego and University of British Columbia.

This research was funded by the National Institutes of Health, including the Superfund Research Program at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grants CA118165, CA155120, P30 CA014195-38, F32CA136124, ES010337, HL053670, AI048034, DK078803 and DK068471), California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Rotary Foundation, Uehara Memorial Foundation, German Research Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Society of Medical Sciences, Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science, Frances C. Berger Foundation, Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust and JDRF.

Pediatric Neurosurgeon Studies Cord Blood's Role In Repairing Nerve Cells

Dr. James Baumgartner, a pediatric neurosurgeon at Florida Hospital, is trying to see if the stem cells in cord blood can help babies who have a stroke around the time of birth. 

This type of stroke -- called perinatal stroke -- occurs in 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 3,000 babies, according to estimates. These babies usually develop cerebral palsy, have trouble with cognition, walking, bladder function, and many have epilepsy that's difficult to treat.

"What I'm curious about is can the nervous system be repaired or repair itself with cellular therapy," said Baumgartner, surgical director of Comprehensive Epilepsy Center at Florida Hospital for Children. 

The small study is still at very early stages and it's challenging, because not all strokes are the same. The Florida Hospital for Children team is working with Cord Blood Registry to identify willing families whose children have had perinatal stroke. 

If they qualify, the families come to the hospital for an overnight treatment and for several follow-up visits. 

Researchers' goal at this time is to see if cord blood infusion (cellular therapy) is safe, and it helps with the kids' hand movement, improve their bladder function, and reduce the number of their seizures. 

"Also, we're going to use pretty sophisticated neuroimaging to see if we have altered the the trajectory of brain damage, with a simple thought that if you preserve more brain, the patient ought to do better," Baumgartner said. 

Studies suggest that after an injury like stroke, the body's immune system is activated and it may be suppreseeing the nervous system's repair machinery. 

Meanwhile, early research suggests that infusion of cord blood stem cells via a simple IV dials down that immune response, potentially allowing the nerve cells that aren't completely injured to get repaired. 

"I was taught you're born with every nerve cell you'll ever have, and repair is impossible. It's clearly not true. So that's what we're playing around with: the brain repair/regeneration and the interaction of immune system and the nervous system," he said. 

Baumgartner's area of research, which focuses on therapy with human cells instead of using drugs, is a growing area of research. 

In another small study, Baumgartner and colleagues showed that bone marrow stem cells can reduce the intensity of severe trauamatic brain injury in children. 

He's also conducting another study to see if cord blood stem cells can help repair certain kinds of hearing loss in children. That study has not been published yet but "everyone thinks we're moving in a good direction," Baumgartner said. 

source : http://goo.gl/XsR4NK

Source of Liver Stem Cells Identified

Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) scientists have identified stem cells in the liver that give rise to functional liver cells. The work solves a longstanding mystery about the origin of new cells in the liver, which must constantly be replenished as cells die off, even in a healthy organ.

“We've solved a very old problem,” says Roel Nusse, an HHMI investigator at Stanford University who led the research. “We've shown that like other tissues that need to replace lost cells, the liver has stem cells that both proliferate and give rise to mature cells, even in the absence of injury or disease.” Nusse and his colleagues reported their findings August 5, 2015, in the journal Nature.

The liver is made up mostly of hepatocytes, highly specialized cells that carry out the organ's many tasks, including storing vitamins and minerals, removing toxins, and helping regulate fats and sugars in the bloodstream. As these cells die off, they are replaced by healthy new hepatocytes. The source of those new cells had never been identified, Nusse says.

Stem cells, which replenish their own populations and maintain the ability to develop into more specialized cells, provide new cells in the skin, blood, and other tissues where cells are naturally lost over time. But no stem cells had been found in the liver. Some scientists speculated that mature hepatocytes might maintain their populations by dividing. But Nusse says the mature cells have become so specialized to carry out the work of the liver, they have likely lost the ability to divide.

“Differentiated hepatocytes have amplified their chromosomes,” he explains. That is, the cells have more than the usual two copies of every chromosome. “This enables the cells to make more proteins, but it really compromises their ability to divide.”

Nusse’s lab at Stanford focuses on a family of proteins of called Wnts, which are key regulators of stem cell fate. To find and follow stem cells in a variety of tissues, they have developed mice in which cells that respond to the Wnt signal are labeled with a fluorescent protein. Several years ago, they decided to use the mice to search for stem cells in the liver.

Bruce Wang, a gastroenterologist at the Liver Center at the University of California, San Francisco, led the experiments as a visiting scholar in Nusse’s lab. Wang began by searching for fluorescently labeled, Wnt-responsive cells in the livers of the engineered mice, and he ultimately found them clustered around the liver's central vein.

Once they knew which cells to focus on, the scientists tracked the fluorescently labeled cells’ behavior. Over time, they noticed that the cells they were tracking divided rapidly, steadily replenishing their own population. This was possible because unlike mature hepatocytes, the labeled cells had only two copies of each chromosome. By following the descendents of the stem cells for up to a year, the scientists discovered that these had changed, taking on the specialized features and amplified genomes of mature hepatocytes. “This fits the definition of stem cells,” Nusse says.

As expected, the liver stem cells required Wnt signals to maintain their stem cell identity. Nusse’s team discovered that endothelial cells lining the central vein, the blood vessel around which the stem cells were clustered, released Wnt molecules into the tissue. Stem cells that migrated out of reach of that signal quickly lost their ability to divide into new stem cells and began to develop into mature hepatocytes. Nusse says this is consistent with how stem cells are known to behave in other tissues.

The lab is now investigating how the newly identified stem cells might contribute to regeneration of liver tissue after injury. It will also be important to explore whether liver cancers tend to originate in these replicating cells, as opposed to more mature hepatocytes, Nusse says.

Stem cell transplantation benefits in leukemia

Stem cell transplantation to treat patients with a serious but very rare form of chronic blood cancer called juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) improves the condition, finds a study.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) involves the transplantation of stem cells from a donor, which may be derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood.

The recipient's immune system is usually destroyed with radiation or chemotherapy before the transplantation.

"The lack of transplant-related mortality in the group of children we studied at the Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases suggests that BUMEL (Intravenous Busulfan and Melphalan) may represent a successful (HSCT) high-dose chemotherapy regimen," said lead author Hisham Abdel-Azim from the Children's Hospital Los Angeles.

"It is also possible that administering conventional dose chemotherapy, before HSCT, to patients with more progressive disease may have contributed to the improved outcomes," Abdel-Azim said in the journal Blood.

The study looked at children with JMML who underwent HSCT at Children's Hospital Los Angeles.

All of the patients were alive and in clinical remission.

It is the only reported cure for JMML; however best outcomes of the therapy have shown that only half the patients can be cured from this disease.

There is currently no standard conditioning regimen for children with JMML undergoing HSCT.

The Revolution Of Stem Cell Therapy And Facts To Know About It

Stem cells are presently being used for creating functional as well as living tissues for repairing or renewing organs and tissues of human body, which are damaged because of chronic illness, accidents, or aging. Stem Cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of blood related ailments, especially treatment of children suffering from leukemia. This therapy is also used for the purpose of tissue grafts to cure bone injury, or injury to eye surface or skin. Ongoing research on Stem Cell therapy helps to explore new possibilities to use stem cells for treating many other health conditions.

Taking organ transplants to another level

Stem Cell therapy helps to promote the repairing of damaged or diseased tissues with the use of stem cells. This therapy takes organ transplantation to the next level. In place of organ from a donor, this therapy makes use of stem cells. In times, where huge number of patients has to wait for organ transplantation due to lack of donor, stem cells can lend a hand in their treatment. These cells are grown in labs and are of different types like blood cells, never cells, or cardiac muscle cells. The cells once implanted in the patient can help to repair the damaged muscle or tissue of the body.

Advent of the therapy in India

Treatment and research on Stem Cell therapy is going on in many countries including China, Mexico, Middle East, Thailand, Ukraine, and even in India. Of late, Stem Cell therapy in India has gained popularity and trust. There have many successful cases where Stem Cell therapy has successfully treated spinal injuries, nerve damages, and blood disorders. The country is ready to explore the immense potential of this new treatment method. Earlier, the country has witnessed several stem cell transplants, which is also called bone marrow transplant. Recently, adult stem cells are being tested for treating other conditions.

Limitations to consider

Despite of all the constant research going on in the field of Stem Cell therapy in India and its success stories, there are a few limitations, which one should keep in mind. Only some of the treatments are considered effective and safe presently. The treatment of an ailment depends on the type of stem cell being used, as different kind of stem cells are used for different purposes. Different conditions calls for different kinds of stem cell therapies. Therefore, a Stem Cell therapy used for treating blood disorder might not work for heart ailments. It is very important to understand the science behind Stem Cell therapy, instead of being misguided by huge claims.

The possibilities to explore

As far as Stem Cell therapy in India is concerned, it is used in treating conditions such as leukemia, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, spinal cord injury, diabetes, muscular dystrophy, autism, cerebral palsy, liver ailments, and many other conditions. Accredited stem cell research labs has also surfaced in India, along with preservation banks, and approved therapy centers. This has brought the therapy within the reach of common people. Not only the labs are dedicated to continuous research, but also the centers offering Stem Cell therapy in India makes all possible attempts to provide the treatment at a reasonable price.

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